Q2. This parameter is estimated by the observations.
A2. This parameter is estimated from the observations.
【解説】このbyは受動態における主語を表す by と取られるため、
The observations estimate this parameter. と解釈される。observations が
estimate するのはおかしいことになる。
Q3. We give informations of this model in table 1.
A3. We give information on this model in table 1.
【解説】information は uncountable で、前置詞は on または about をとる。
Q4. The increase of temperature became significant.
A4. The increase in temperature became significant.
【解説】increase of は何かを取り替えて変化させる場合。
Q5. Assuming that the radiation pressure is dominant, the disk
flux and disk central temperature is obtained.
A5. On the assumption that the radiation pressure is dominant,
the disk flux and disk central temperature are obtained.
Assuming that the radiation pressure is dominant, we obtain
the disk flux and disk central temperature.
【解説】問題文の分詞構文では、assuming の主語は we であり、主節の主語
と一致していない。現在では native もこのような表現をよく使っており、
主語の不一致は許容されて来ているのかもしれない。
Q6. The temperature and sound speed became asymptotically
constant at large distance from the center.
A6. The temperature and sound speed became asymptotically
constant at large distances from the center.
【解説】ある特定の large distance であれば、the large distance になる。
普通は large distance に幅があるので、large distances とする。これは
radius にも当てはまり、at large radii のようにする。
Q7. In appendix 1, we discuss a restriction on k-space,
which enable us the development in terms of the orthogonal functions
we are concerned.
A7. In appendix 1, we discuss a restriction on k-space,
the development of which can be made in terms of the orthogonal functions
we are concerned with.
【解説】これは内容がよくわからないが、少なくとも、enable は enable
+ 目的語 + to 不定詞 のように使う。さらに、本来は we are concerned with
the orthogonal functions となる文章なので、関係代名詞を使う場合、the
orthogonal functions that we are concerned with か、the orthogonal functions
with which we are concerned とする必要がある。
Q2. The temperature of sample 1 is much higher than sample 2.
A2. The temperature of sample 1 is much higher than that of
sample 2.
【解説】Q1と同じ。
Q3. The velocity approaches to the light speed.
A3. The velocity approaches the light speed.
【解説】approach は他動詞。
Q4. In the case of the present method, we used 10,000 particles of equal mass.
A4. In the present model, we used 10,000 particles of equal mass.
【解説】case や situation などなくても表現できるのであればそのようなもの
は使わない方がよい。
Q5. We discuss about detailed structures of this system.
A5. We discuss detailed structures of this system.
【解説】discuss は他動詞。
Q6. We measure on the temperature of this state.
A6. We measure the temperature of this state.
【解説】measure は他動詞。
Q7. We applied this method, therefore we obtained these results.
A7. We obtained these results by applying this method.
We applied this method, and so, we obtained these results.
【解説】therefore は接続詞ではない。
Q8. The pressure increased due to this instability.
A8. The pressure increased owing to this instability.
The pressure increased because of this instability.
【解説】due to は形容詞句なので、名詞を修飾することはできるが、動詞を
修飾することはできない。副詞句の owing to か because of を使う。しかし、
最近では due to を副詞句のように使うことも許されてきている。
Q9. The followings are obtained.
A9. The following is obtained.
【解説】follwoings という表現はない。
Q10. The parameters are the followings.
A10. The parameters are as follows.
【解説】慣用表現。
Q11. This is explained in details in section 4.
A11. This is explained in detail in section 4.
【解説】慣用句は in detail で in details ではない。
Q12. This effect can be negligible.
A12. This effect can be neglected.
This effect is negligible.
【解説】can be negligible は可能の意を表す表現が重複している。
Q13. This is found in a HII region.
A13. This is found in an HII region.
【解説】a か an かを決めるのは綴りではなく、発音である。
Q14. The effect of mass stripping of these systems are shown below.
A14. The effect of mass stripping of these systems is shown below.
【解説】主語は effect で単数。
Q15. We found an excellent agreement with the experiment by Landau.
A15. We found excellent agreement with the experiment by Landau.
The results of our experiment are in excellent agreement with
those obtained by Landau.
【解説】an agreement は契約などの意味。一致という意味では抽象名詞。
Q16. Different from model A, model B has another parameter.
A16. Model B has another parameter unlike model A.
【解説】「〜と違って」は unlike という副詞（前置詞）を使う。different from
は形容詞なので、副詞句のようには使えない。
Q17. In this equation, M and L represent the mass
and angular momentum of the system.
A17. In this equation, M and L represent the mass
and angular momentum of the system, respectively.
【解説】対応させた説明には ,respectively をつける。
Q18. The galaxy was observed by HST.
A18. The galaxy was observed with HST.
【解説】これも HST observed the galaxy. を受け身にしたように解釈されるので、
with HST とする。
Q19. The density increases monotonously.
A19. The density increases monotonically.
【解説】「単調な」は monotonic である。
Q20. The dependency of this value on the final density is
explained.
A20. The dependence of this value on the final density is
explained.
【解説】「依存」は dependence。なお、dependency は「属国」。
Q21. In the previous paper, we showed a mass stripping rate of merging
galaxies.
A21. In a previous paper, we showed a mass stripping rate of merging
galaxies.
【解説】これは、この文章の前に previous paper について何の説明もない場合
を想定している。the がつけられるのは、その previous paper が読者との間で
了解がある場合。
Q22. We obtained knowledge on the phase transition.
A22. We obtained knowledge of the phase transition.
【解説】knowledge の前置詞は of。
Q23. An investigation was made concerning this mechanism.
A23. An investigation was made of (on) this mechanism.
An investigation of this mechanism was made.
We made an investigation of this mechanism.
【解説】investigation of となるので。
Q24. The procedure of this analysis is described.
A24. The procedure for this analysis is described.
【解説】procedure は for をとる。
Q25. The paper is referred as Paper I.
A25. The paper is referred to as Paper I.
【解説】もとの文章は、We refer to the paper as Paper I. であるから、
これを受動態にしたもの。
Q26. This model resembles to model A.
A26. This model resembles model A.
【解説】resemble は他動詞。
Q27. The temperature was changed in a range from 5,000K to 10,000K.
A27. The temperature was changed over a range from 5,000K to
10,000K.
【解説】range は over をとる。なお、ここは、over the range も可能であろう。
Q28. These objects are observed at high temperature regions.
A28. These objects are observed in high temperature regions.
These objects are observed at high temperatures.
【解説】regions となっているので前置詞は in。もし、at にしたければ2つ
目のようにする。
Q29. These experiments are planned in similar conditions.
A29. These experiments are planned under similar conditions.
【解説】conditions の前置詞は under。
Q30. The object was observed with a regular interval.
A30. The object was observed at a regular interval.
【解説】interval は at をとる。
Q31. The differences of these models are described.
31. The differences in these models are described.
【解説】difference は複数形が可能（講義では uncountable といったが）。
difference の前置詞は in。
Q32. Assuming that this theory holds, an infinite amount of light
is generated.
A32. On the assumption that this theory holds, an infinite amount of
light is generated.
If we assume that this theory holds, an infinite amount of light
is generated.
【解説】主語の不一致を修正する。
Q33. This paper will be appeared in PASJ.
A33. This paper will appear in PASJ.
【解説】appear は自動詞。